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African Independence Timeline |
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African Posters from the Melville J. Herskovits Library at
Northwestern University |
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1890s-present:
Historical
Documents of the African National Congress |
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mid-20?: I
Speak of Freedom - Kwame Nkrumah |
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mid-20?: Mau
Mau's Daughter - Wambui Otieno |
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1945:
Pan-African Congress 1945 Declaration |
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1950:
Hendrik Verwoerd Address to the Native
Representavie Council, Johannesburg, S. A. |
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1952: Jomo
Kenyatta - The Kenya Africa Union is Not the Mau Mau |
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1953: The
Case FOR Apartheid - speech by A. L. Geyer |
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1953:
Presidential address to the ANC (Transvaal Branch) - Nelson
Mandela |
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1955: Freedom
Charter, adopted by the Congress of the People, South Africa (6/26) |
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1957-63: Kwame
Nkrumah's Vision of Africa - excerpts from his speeches |
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1958:
First Conference of Independent African States (3rd. doc. down the
page) |
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1960-1990: Pamphlets,
newspapers and transcripts of radio broadcasts - distributed
inside South Africa by underground structures or radio during the
thirty years that the ANC was banned |
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1961: "I
Speak of Freedom" - Kwame Nkrumah |
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1961:
Umkhonto we Sizwe (Military wing of the African
National Congress) - We are at War! |
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1962: Speech
made by H.E. Ato Ketema Yifru at the Pan-African Freedom Movement For
East, Central and Southern Africa (PAFMECA) Conference. Addis Ababa,
February 2 - 10 |
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1963:
Charter of the Organization of African Unity |
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1963:
Speech made by H.E. Ato Ketema Yifru at the opening of the
Preparatory Conference of Foreign Ministers, May 15 |
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1964: Mr.
Oliver Tambo's Letter to Emperor Haile Selassie (7/14) |
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1967:
The ARUSHA Declaration (toward the end of the page) |
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1967: Proclamation
of the Republic of Biafra, May 30 |
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1969:
Pan-African Cultural Manifesto (4th. doc. down the page) |
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1971: The
Autobiography of an Unknown South African -
Naboth Mokgatle (at the bottom of the page) |
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1976:
The Afrikaans Medium Decree |
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1980: "The
Effects of Apartheid on on the Status of Women in South Africa" -
Extracts from paper prepared by the Secretariat for the World
Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women, Copenhagen,
July |
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1982: “Bill
of Rights” issued by the Ogoni people of
Nigeria |
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1984: The
Question of South Africa - Archbishop Desmond Tutu |
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1990: African Charter on Human and
Peoples' Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act - Chapter 10
Laws of the Federation of Nigeria |
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1990: "S.
Africa Lifts Ban on ANC, Other Groups"
- David B. Ottaway,
Washington
Post Foreign Service (Saturday,
February 3) |
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1992: Letter
from Nelson Mandela to F. W. De Klerk (7-9) |
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1992:
Letter to Nelson Mandela from F. W. De Klerk (7-2) |
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1994: Long
Walk to Freedom - Nelson Mandela's autobiography - excerpts |
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1994: Nelson
Mandela- Inaugural Address |
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late-20?:
A Man of the People - Chinua Achebe |
