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| DBQ Question |
| Was the Reformation a result
of Catholic animosity or was the Catholic Church's attempts at reform 'too little, too
late'? Agree or disagree with the above question using the documents provided and your basic knowledge of European history. |
Document #1 |
| I greatly longed to
understand Paul's Epistles to the Romans and nothing stood in the way, but that one
expression "the justice of God" because I took it to mean, that justice, whereby
God is just, and deals justly in punishing the unjust. My situation was that,
although an impeccable monk, I stood before God as a sinner, troubled in conscience, and I
had no confidence that my merit would assuage Him. Therefore, I did not love a just
and angry God, but hated and murmured against Him -Martin Luther Justification by Faith |
Document #2 |
| The Roman Pontiff claims for
himself [in the first place] that by divine right he is [supreme] above all bishops and
pastors [in all Christendom]... Such superiority is impossible. For it is impossible for
one bishop to be the overseer of the churches of the whole world, or for churches situated
in the most distant lands to seek ordination [for all their ministers] from one. -Martin Luther Of The Power And Primacy Of The Pope. |
Document #3 |
| But, with these confessional
letters you will be at any time left to obtain a full indulgence for all penalties imposed
on you, in all cases except the four observed at the Apostolic See. Thence
throughout your whole life, whenever you want to make a confession,you may receive the
same remission, except in cases reserved to the Pope and afterwards at the hour of
death...a full indulgence as to all penalties and sins, and your share of all spiritual
blessings that exist in the church militant and it's members.
-Johann Tetzel The Spark for Reformation: Indulgences |
Document #4 |
| The covenant of life is
not preached equally to all, and among those whom it is preached, does not always meet the
same reception...We maintain that this counsel, as regards the elect, is founded on free
mercy, without any respect to human worth, while those whom he dooms to destruction are
excluded from access to life by a just and blameless but at the same time,
incomprehensible judgement? -John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion: Predestination |
Document #5 |
| ...as my whole yearning was
and still is that he has so many enemies and so few friends, these last, should be trusty
ones...But, I have confidence, my Lord, in these servants of Thine who are here, knowing
that they neither desire nor strive after anything, but to please thee. For thy sake they
have left the little they possessed wishing that they possessed more so that they might
see Thee with it. -Teresa of Avila The Way of Perfection |
Document #6 |
| ...man is the most fortunate
of creatures and consequently worthy of all admonition and what precisely is that rank
which is his lot in the universal chain of Being- a rank to be envied not only by brutes
but even by the stars and the minds of this world...For it is on this very account that
man is rightly called and judged a greater miracle and a wonderful creature indeed...
-Pico della Mirandola |
Document #7 |
| ...particularly through the
training of the young and the ignorant in Christianity and through the spiritual
consolations of the faith of Christians hearing confessions; and He shall take care to
keep first God and next the purpose of this organization is always before His eyes... -Pope Paul III Constitution of the Society of Jesus |
Document #8 |
| They (the Roman Catholic
Popes) want to be the only master of the scriptures... They assume sole authority for
themselves and would persuade us with insolent juggling of the words that the Pope,
whether be bad or good, cannot err in matters of faith... -Martin Luther The Interpretation of the Bible and the Nature of the Clergy |
Document #9 |
| ...Every baptized Christian
is a priest already, not by appointment or ordination from the Pope or any other man, but
because Christ himself has begotten him as a priest...in baptism...the Pope has usurped
the word "priest" for his anointed and tonsured hordes [monks and priests] and
by these means have separated themselves from ordinary Christians and have called
themselves uniquely the "clergy of the Lord"...therefore, the Pope argues that
he alone has the power to ordain and do what he will. -Martin Luther Interpretation of the Faith |
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