Chronology1-99

Emergence of Humanism – a birth of a new generation of thinkers and philosophers which called people to think on a deeper level and analyze those things around them.

Lollardy Movement – a group of reformers, inspired by John Wycliff’s theology, who called for a strict interpretation of the Bible and the authority of Christians to interpret the Bible.

John Hus is Burned at the Stake – chancellor of Prague University who advocated for the elimination of world pleasures and corruption in the church. He is burned at the stake as a heretic.

Invention of the Printing Press – method of printing that used metal movable type. This proved to be faster and more effective; helping to spread the ideas of the Reformation.

Modern Devotion Movement – movement which encouraged lay ministry, religious orders, and monastic orders to reform. They emphasized inner piety instead of religious dogma.

Northern Renaissance – rebirth of Europe that made the reform of Christianity one of its most important goals.

The Oratory of Divine Love – Catholic of clergy and laymen who believed that spiritual development and acts of charity were the ways to be a good Christian.

Pope Alexander Practices Nepotism – he gives offices to his son, nephew, and the brother of his mistress; causing scandal in the church. He served as a perfect example of the church’s corruption.

Erasmus, Praise of Folly – A work which satires the church at the time and her corruption. Hidden in it was a plea for reform.

Thomas More, Utopia – in this work, More called for an ideal society which contained perfect institutions and ways of life. All people would work together.

Leipzig Debate – Luther’s opponent, Catholic theologian Johann Eck, forced Luther to go pass indulgences and deny the popes and councils. This made Luther break away further from the church.

Luther Publishes Three Pamphlets of Reform – these three pamphlets displayed a more definite break between Luther and the church.

Swedish Reformation – a Swedish Lutheran Reformation is established by the king, Gustavus Vasa.

Diet of Worms – Luther is brought before the Reichstag and Charles V. He is excommunicated for his beliefs; becoming and outlaw.

Henry VIII is Given the Title of "Defender of the Faith" – after attacking Luther’s beliefs and defending the seven sacraments, the pope gives this title to Henry.

Lutheranism is Begun – Luther comes back from hiding and begins to organize a reformed church.

Nuremburg Converts – Nuremburg, under city secretary Lazarus Spengler, is the first city to completely convert to Lutheranism.

Swedish New Testament Bible Published – Olavus Petri studied all of Luther’s writings and published the first Swedish New Testament.

Other Religious Movements Grow out of the Reformation – Zwinglian Reformation, Anabaptists, and Calvinism.

Parliament and Henry VIII Break From the Church of England – Parliament makes final break from the church when the pope refuses to give Henry a divorce from Catherine of Aragon.

Jesuits are Formed – this Society of Jesus was a new Catholic religious order who believed in obedience, a hierarchical society, education, and to defend God.

Inquisition is Formed – holy office which intended to root out all errors in Catholic doctrine.

Council of Trent Meets – a council, which included all of the clergy, whose goal was to put all religious conflicts to a rest.

Pope Paul III Attempts to Reform – he creates a commission to find out the failing conditions of the Catholic Church in an attempt to reform it.

Index of Prohibited Books is Created by Inquisition - list which contained all writings that Catholics were forbidden to read.


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