Primary Source Documents↓

GENERAL:

Ancient Coins in the Museum of Antiquity Ancient Roads of the Romans Ancient Roman Pottery Ancient Roman Technology The Ancient Romans (History Links 101) The Ancient World Web Aquae Urbis Romae - The Waters of Rome Art History Resources on the Web - Ancient Rome Barrington's Atlas of the Greek and Roman World Classical Mythology Online Cleopatra Multimedia Guide to the Ancient World - Italy / Rome Diotima - Materials for the Study of Women & Gender in the Ancient World The Doctor in Roman Society Exploring Ancient World Cultures - Rome Forum Romanum Historical Atlas of the Mediterranean History of Roman Architecture The Impact of Hellenism on Rome Internet Ancient History Sourcebook:  Rome (Paul Halsall - Fordham U.) The Italian Peninsula:  1000 BCE - 1 CE (Metropolitan Museum of Art) The Italian Peninsula:  1 CE - 500 CE (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Looking at the Art of Ancient Greece & Rome (Getty Museum) Maecenas:  Images of Ancient Greece and Rome Manumission & Freedom for Roman Slaves Marriage in Ancient Rome Medicina Antiqua (Ancient Medicine) Museum of Ancient Inventions NM's Creative Impulses:  Rome (many links!) Odyssey Online:  Rome The Perseus Digital Library Pompeii on the Web Roma:  Essays on Roman Architecture (interactive maps) Roma:  History & Civilization of the Eternal City Roman Ball Games Roman Board Games The Roman Calendar Roman Gladiatorial Games Roman History Lectures - Christopher Mackay (University of Alberta) Roman Rulers Romanae Antiquae:  An Informal Look at the Lives of Women in Ancient Rome The Rome Project The Surgery of Ancient Rome Timeline:  Ancient Rome A Timeline Comparison Between Ancient Mexico & Ancient Rome Timeline of Civilizations:  1 BCE - 500 CE The Vergil Project

ARCHAIC ROME:

"Early Roman Civilization, 753-509 BC" (The History Guide) HistoryWiz - The Aeneid Image Gallery HistoryWiz - The Roman Kings Exhibit map - "Ancient Rome"

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC:

Cynical Catchphrases and the End of the Republic - historian, Robert Syme "The Disintegration of the Republic" - historian, R. E. Smith The History of Carthage (A&E) map - "The Career of Julius Caesar" map - "The Punic Wars" map - "Rome in 264 B.C.E." "Orderly Political Struggle to the Very End" - historian, Eric S. Grunde "Republican Rome, 509-31 BC" (The History Guide) Rome:  Republic to Empire Roman Government Chart The Roman Republic:  Checks & Balance (chart) The Roman Republican Constitution Roman Virtues The Romans, 262-113 BCE:  Conquest of the Mediterranean (A&E) Social Reform & Civil War:  133 BCE - 27 CE (A&E)

THE ROMAN EMPIRE:

"Augustus Caesar and the Pax Romana" (The History Guide) The Best of Edward Gibbon's Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Biography of Julius Caesar "A Brief Social History of the Roman Empire" (The History Guide) "Christianity as a Cultural Revolution" (The History Guide) "The Church Fathers--Jerome and Augustine" (The History Guide) De Imperatoribus Romanis - An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors "The Decline and Fall of Rome" (The History Guide) "The End of Rome" - historian, Michael Rostovtzeff The Government of the Roman Empire Under the Early Principate (chart) Julius Caesar List of Roman Emperors map - "Barbarian Migrations and Invasions to 400" map - "Barbarian Migrations and Invasions, 400-526" map - "Constantinople, 4c-6c" map - "The Empire Under Diocletian, 284-305" map - "The Jewish Diaspora in the 1c CE" map - "Roman Empire (clickable on the provinces)" map - "Roman Empire - 12" map - "The Roman Empire, 14 and 117 c.e." map - "Roman Empire - 150" map - "Roman Empire - 500" map - "The Roman Empire at the Time of Hadrian" map - "Trading Products in the Roman Empire" Maps of the Roman World in the First Century CE Marcus Aurelius "Most Happy and Prosperous" - historian, Edward Gibbons in The Decline & Fall of the Roman Empire "Not so Happy and Prosperous" - historian, Benjamin Isaac "Roman Expansion and Its Commercial Motive" - historian, Elizabeth Rawson "Roman Imperialism and the Pursuit of Glory" - historian William Harris A Visual Compendium of Roman Emperors "Why Rome Fell" - lecture by Professor Gerhard Rempel (Western New England College)

EARLY CHRISTIANITY:

Caesaropapism (Theocracy) The Christian Catacombs of Rome Chronology of Christianity Early Christian Architecture Early Christian Communities & the Establishment of the Church Early Popes to the Reign of Constantine From Jesus to Christ (PBS - Frontline) The Life of Saint Augustine of Hippo (Catholic Encyclopedia) map - "The Spread of Christianity" Roman Views of Jews and Christians St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles (Catholic Encyclopedia) St. Paul (Catholic Encyclopedia)

Web Links↑                                      How to read a primary source document                                      Why Study History Through Primary Sources

7c BCE:  Numa - The Institutions of Roman Religion 650 BCE:  Livy - The Roman Way of Declaring War 215 BCE:  Carthaginian coin of Hannibal 200-115 BCE:  Polybius - Rome at the End of the Punic Wars 201 BCE:  Plautus - Slavery in the Roman Republic 200-118 BCE:  Polybius - The Character of Hannibal 2c BCE:  Polybius - Hannibal's Defeat at Zama 150 BCE:  Appian's Roman History - the social wars 140 BCE:  Polybius' Histories - The Battle of Ecnomus 133 BCE:  Tiberius Gracchus Defies the Senate 2c-1c BCE:  Sources for Three Slave Revolts 1c BCE:  Catullus - several poems 1c BCE:  from The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero - Friends and Enemies of the Republic 1c BCE:  Documents on Jews and Judaism in the Greco-Roman Diaspora 1c BCE:  Silius Italicus - Punica - Description of Hannibal 81-96 BCE:  Martial - Immigrants in Rome 64/54 BCE:  Cicero - Running for Office in Rome 63 BCE:  Sallust - Life in Rome in the Late Republic 51 BCE:  Julius Caesar - on the Germans 50 BCE:  Ancestor Shrine of a Wealthy Household, Pompeii 44 BCE:  Letter Home of a Roman "University" Student 20 BCE:  statue of Augustus of Primaporta 19 BCE:  Electronic text of Virgil's Aeneid   1 BCE-110 CE:  Roman Sources on the Jews and Judaism 1c:  Deeds of the Divine Augustus 1c:  Josephus:  Description of Jesus 1c:  Josephus - Galilee, Samaria, and Judea in the First Century 1c:  Josephus - On the Roman Army 1c:  Luke, Gospel writer 1c:  Pliny the Younger - Roman Educational Practices 2:  Letters Written by Roman Soldiers 14:  Augustus Lists His Accomplishments 20:  Strabo - The Grandeur of Rome 55:  St. Paul on the Spirit and the Law 56-57:  Tacitus - The End of the Republic 64:  Dio Cassius - Nero and the Great Fire 67:  Seneca - An Ethical Plea to the Emperor Nero 69-122: Suetonius - The Divine Augustus 70:  stone relief - detail of sculptured relief from the Arch of Titus 75:  Plutarch - The Life of Tiberius Gracchus 90:  Quintilian - The Ideal Education 95:  Martial - Happiness, According to a Roman Poet 100:  Tacitus' Annals - The Establishment of the Principate 110:  Plutarch on the Training of Children 111-113:  Pliny & Trajan on Christians 117:  Tacitus - Germania 125:  Suetonius' Lives of the Twelve Caesars - The Foundation of the Flavian Dynasty, A.D. 69 167:  Marcus Aurelius - excerpts from The Meditations 180:  Acts of the Scillitan Martyr 3c & 4c:  Diocletian & Constantine--Efforts to Stabilize the Roman Economy 250:  Cassius Dio Cocceianus' History of Rome - The First Two "Good Emperors" 250:  Certificate Having Sacrificed to the Gods 215:  Dio's Roman History - "From the Age of Gold to the Age of Rust" 311/313:  Galerius & Constantine - Edicts of Toleration 315:  Lactantius' On the Death of the Persecutors - A Reaction to Diocletian's Reforms 324:  Sozomen - Constantine Founds Constantinople 325:  Nicene Creed 374:  St. Jerome - Letter to a Soldier 4c:  A Fourth-Century Description of the Huns 4c:  Eusebius - excerpt from The Life of Constantine 4c-5c:  John Chrysostom - Eight Homilies Against the Jews 5c:  A Christian Priest's View of the Barbarian Migrations 5c:  Priscus at the Court of Attila 410:  Procopius of Caesarea - Alaric's Sack of Rome 410:  St. Augustine - excerpts from The City of God 440:  Salvian - Romans and Barbarians 448:  Priscus on Attila the Hun 452:  Pope Leo I and Attila 460:  Sidonius Apollinaris - Theodoric of the Visigoths

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