American West- A Celebration of the Human Spirit American West- Multicultural Perspectives Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876 Battle with the Apache, 1872 A Biography of America:  The West (1862-1893) - Annenberg/CPB Black Populism in the South Buffalo Soldiers and the Indian Wars Buffalo Soldiers on the Western Frontier California as I Saw It: First-Person Narratives, 1849-1900 Camping With the Sioux:  Fieldwork Diary of Alice Cunningham Fletcher Carlisle Indian Industrial School History The Central Pacific Railroad A Cowboy in Dodge City, 1882 Crazy Horse & Custer- The Sioux Wars and the Battle of the Little Bighorn Crossing the Plains, 1865 Custer Battlefield Historical & Museum Association Dakota Conflict Trials (1862) Death of the Dream- Farmhouses in the Heartland Documents from the Indian Wars Frederic Remington Frederick Jackson Turner Geronimo:  His Own Story Great Chicago Fire, 1871 History of the American West:  1860-1920 (LOC) History of the Colored Farmers Alliance Images of The Wild West In Search of the Oregon Trail (PBS) Interactive Santa Fe Trail "The Iron Horse- the impact of the railroads on 19th century American society" - Marieke van Ophem (essay) Iron Road (The American Experience PBS series) Klondike Gold Rush- The Perilous Journey North Laura Ingalls Wilder Lest We Forget--People of Color on America's Western Frontier Little Big Horn Associates Homepage Lost in the Grand Canyon (The American Experience PBS series) "The Lure of the West" - Art Work at the Smithsonian American Art Museum Map-->"Indian Wars:  1864-1890" Map-->"The Railroad Network, 1880" Map-->"Territorial Growth, 1870" Massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890 Native American Documents Project (CA State Univ., San Marcos) Nativism, Socialism, and the Populist Demise The Northern Great Plains, 1880-1920 -- Photographs from the Fred Hultstrand and F. A. Pazandak Photograph Collections (LOC) Nineteenth Century in Print- Periodicals Northwest of the West- the Frontier Experience on the Northwest Coast Old West Web Ride Oregon Trail Political Cartoons of the Post-Civil War Era "Populism and the South--A Review of the Historiography" - essay by Randall Stephens Puritan Origins of the American Wilderness Movement Rise of Barbed Wire and Its Transformation of the American Frontier Rural Life in the Late 19c - personal accounts and photographs Sitting Bull Sketches of Wisconsin Pioneer Women Threads of Gold- Women of the Alaska Gold Rush Truimph and Tragedy- Women's Voices from the Oregon Trail Unincorporated:  Native Americans and the Age of Incorporation, 1880-1900 Virgin Land- The American West as Symbol and Myth The West and the Frontier in American Culture WestWeb-Western History WIld! WIld! West! - huge site of weblinks Women of the West Wounded Knee Home Page

                   
                          How to read a primary source document

late 19c:  "The Little Sod Shanty On My Claim" - poem late 19c?:  "The Sioux Indians" - song lyrics by a pioneer crossing the Great Plains late 19c:  "The Wabash Cannonball" - song lyrics 1860s-70s:  Trials of the Trail - African-American Cowboy Will Crittendon (as recalled in the 1930s) 1861-1920:  Railroad Construction, 1861-1920 - chart 1862:  "Walking" - essay by Henry David Thoreau 1864:  "The Gold Rush Song" - poem 1864:  "The Red Man's Plea" - Continental Monthly / Volume 5, Issue 2, February 1864] 1864:  Two Editorials from the Rocky Mountain News on the Battle of Sandy Creek & the Fort Lyon Affair 1865:  Congressional testimony by John S. Smith, an eyewitness to the Ft. Lyon massacre 1865:  Testimony of Colonel J. M. Chivington (4/26) 1867:  Charges and Specifications preferred against Brevet Major General G. A. Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry 1867-68:  An Indian War Veteran's Experience in Kansas and New Mexico During the Indian Wars of 1867-1868 - William Thornton Parker 1868:  Fort Laramie Treaty 1868:  Plan for Action - Organizing the Grangers 1868:  Report to the President by the Indian Peace Commission (1/7) 1868:  The Sioux Treaty of 1868 1868-74:  Selection of Cowboy Songs (5) 1869:  "Building the Transcontinental Railroad" - Samuel Bowles (chapter 3 of his book, Our new West: Records of travel between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean)     (entire text) 1869:  Joining Tracks of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads (photo) 1870:  Minnesota As It Is in 1870 - John W. McClung     (entire text) 1870:  "Negro Exodusters en route to Kansas, fleeing from the yellow fever, " Photomural from engraving. Harpers Weekly 1871:  Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 1872:  "Millions of acres.  Iowa and Nebraska...," Burlington & Missouri River R. R. Co. - broadside 1873:  "California- For Health, Pleasure and Residence" - Charles Nordhoff 1873:  “We Are Not Entirely Out of Civilization” - A Homesteader Writes Home in 1873 1874:  George Armstrong Custer poses with his Indian scouts during the Black Hills expedition of 1874 - photo 1874:  Historic Sketches of the Cattle Trade of the West and Southwest - Joseph G. McCoy 1874:  Narrative of My Captivity Among the Sioux Indians - Fanny Kelly 1874:  Written in Stone - The Ten Commandments of the Grange 1875:  “A Little Standing Army in Himself” - N. A. Jennings Tells of the Texas Rangers 1876:  “You Would Never Hear People Complain” - Elfido López Recalls Rural Mexican-American Life in the Late 19th century (as recalled in 1937) 1877:  In Search of Eden - Black Utopias in the West 1877-79:  Chief Joseph Speaks - selected statements and speeches by the Nez Percé Chief 1878:  Buffalo Hide Yard in Dodge City, Kansas (photo) 1878:  "Ho for Kansas!" - handbill 1879:  "An Indian's View of Indian Affairs" - Joseph Young 1879:  Mormon Emigrants Moving to Utah (photo) 1880:  Testimony of Benjamin Singleton before Congress regarding African-American migration from the Southern states to Kansas 1880:  "The Wards of the United States Government" - H. H. 1881:  A Century of Dishonor - Helen Hunt Jackson 1881:  The Battle of Little Bighorn - an eyewitness account by the Lakota Chief Red Horse recorded at the Cheyenne River Reservation 1881:  Ebenezer Bryce's Cabin in Utah (photo) 1881:  Indian Policy Reform: President Chester Arthur on legislation needed to dissolve "the tribal bond, which is so prominent a feature of savage life" 1883:  "The Frontier Prospector" - from The Overland Monthly. 2:2 (1883) 1885:  The Albuquerque Indian School (photos) 1887:  Crow Indian Chiefs and Crow Prisoners (photos) 1887:  Congressional Report on Indian Affairs 1887:  Dawes Act 1887:  Gardiner Park County, Montana (photo) - frontier town 1887:  Hatch Act 1888:  Theodore Roosevelt, Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail 1889:  Colored Alliance Demands 1889-92:  Selections from "With the Nez Perces" - E. Jane Gay 1890s?:  A Lakota Ghost Dancing shirt, believed to protect its wearer from bullets 1890s?:  Soldiers pose with three of the four Hotchkiss Guns used against the Lakota at Wounded Knee - photo 1890:  "Custer's Last Battle" - Captain Charles King 1890:  Lyrics to the song, "The Wabash Cannonball" 1890:  Mrs. Z. A. Parker, the Ghost Dance at Pine Ridge Reservation - an eyewitness account 1890:  Second Morrill Act 1890:  "Three Noted Chiefs of the Sioux" - anonymous in Harper's Weekly 34, 20 Oct. 1890: 995 1891:  Address to the Indian and Negro Students at the Hampton Institute - Chauncey Depew (4/7) 1891:  Allotment Act 1891:  "Farmers Problems" - W.A. Peffer, The Farmer's Side 1891:  Lakota accounts of the massacre at Wounded Knee 1891:  A Mormon Woman’s Life in Southern Utah 1891:  Report on Wounded Knee Massacre and the Decrease in Indian Land Acreage - Benjamin Harrison 1891:  Wovoka, The Messiah Letter -- the message that sparked the Ghost Dance movement 1892:  Populist Party Platform 1892:  The True Story of Christopher Columbus, Called the Great Admiral - Elbridge Streeter Brooks 1892:  “Kill the Indian, and Save the Man” - Capt. Richard C. Pratt on the Education of Native Americans 1893:  Life on Prairie Farms - E. V. Smalley 1893:  The Significance of the Frontier in American History - Frederick Jackson Turner 1895:  "An Indian on the Problems of His Race" - Simon Pokagon 1896:  "An Interesting Representative of a Vanishing Race" - B. O. Flower 1896:  The Life and Adventures of Calamity Jane by Herself 1897:  "The Future of the Red Man" - Simon Pokagon 1899:  "The Indian on the Reservation" - George Bird Grinnell late 19c?:  Chief Joseph in his later years, photographed by Edward Curtis late 19c?:  False Sentimentality About the Indians - Theodore Roosevelt late 19c:  "The Nation's Hoop Was Broken" - Black Elk 1900:  "An Indian Allotment" - Francis La Flesche 1900:  "Impressions of an Indian Childhood" - Zitkala-Sa 1900:  "The Indian Territory" - paper was read at the Lake Mohonk Indian Conference by Henry L. Dawes 1903:  Captured by the Indians- Reminiscences of Pioneer Life in Minnesota - Minnie Buce Carrigan 1904:  "The Last Protest: A Story of Montana" - Henry Oyen   (part II) 1905:  "Friends of the Indians" - John M. Oskison 1906:  Burke Act 1906:  "The Red Man's Last Roll-Call" - Charles M. Harvey in Atlantic Monthly 97 (1906): 323-330 1907:  "Remaining Causes of Indian Discontent" - John M. Oskison 1914:  Letters of a Woman Homesteader - Eleanor Pruitt Stewart 1914:  “The White Man’s Road is Easier!” - A Hidatsa Indian Takes up the Ways of the White Man in the Late 19th century 1930s:  Home on the Range - Richard Phillips (recounts about 1870s-1880s life on the range) 1964:  "The Wizard of Oz:  Parable on Populism" - Henry M. Littlefield [American Quarterly, XVI (1964), 47-58]