Assignment #1
 

Sources:
 

Questions:
  1. What are the basic elements of nationalism?
  2. What were some of the political and economic goals of nationalists?
  3. How was nationalism a movement for self-conscious modernization?
  4. What role did philology play in the growth of nationalist feelings throughout Europe in the mid-19c?
  5. What were Herder's views on the idea of "culture?"    Fichte's views on "culture?"
  6. How did Hegel view history?   the role of the state?  What did he say was the role of great men and their relationship to the times in which they lived?
  7. Why did Hegel feel that the historical process was an expression of constant social conflict throughout time?
  8. Do individual men and women make history, or are they products of it?  Support your position!
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  Assignment #2
 

Sources:
 

Questions:
  1. What were the main causes of the revolutions of 1848?  In what parts of Europe did revolution quickly spread?
  2. What was the usual pattern followed by these revolutions?
  3. Why was it said that "when France sneezes, all of Europe catches cold?"  [refer to the events in Hungary, Austria, Prussia, Spain, and Italy in 1848].
  4. What social/political divisions were exposed by the revolutions of 1848 in France, Austria, and Prussia?
  5. Why did Louis Blanc become popular in Paris during the June uprisings there?
  6. How was the Frankfurt Assembly a more national political body than a democratic one?
  7. Why did Louis Napoleon Bonaparte win the election for President of the Second French Republic at the end of 1848?
  8. How was the Frankfurt Constitution a reflection of the egalitarian values of the mid-19c?  What ultimately happened to it?
  9. Why can it be said that "1848 was the turning-point at which modern history didn't turn?"
  10. Why were the 1848 revolutions unsuccessful?
  11. Even though they were an immediate failure, what were some of the long-term effects of the Revolutions of 1848?  What political gains were sustained?
 
  Assignment #3
 

Sources:
 

Questions:
  1. How did President Louis Napoleon become Emperor Napoleon III?
  2. Which groups in French society were most supportive of the Second French Empire at first?  Why?
  3. How did Georges Haussemann transform the city of Paris in the 1850s?  What were the long-term effects of the changes he made?
  4. What were some of the more liberal programs initiated by Napoleon III in the 1860s?  Which groups in France were opposed to these reforms?
  5. How did an upset of the balance of power cause the Crimean War?  Identify the combatants on each side.  What were the motives of each nation in the war?
  6. What were the terms of the Congress of Paris in 1856?  What political issues were not addressed/resolved?
  7. Why might Giuseppe Mazzini be called the "heart" of the Italian unification movement?
  8. What liberal policies were introduced in Piedmont by Count Cavour?  What role did he feel Piedmont should play in the unification of Italy?
  9. Identify the steps that Cavour took to unite Italy.  How did he differ from Mazzini in his program for Italian unification?
  10. What role did Napoleon III and the Pope have in the unification of Italy?  What were their motives?
  11. What were the results of the Austro-Sardinian War?
  12. Why was Cavour considered to be the "brains" of the Italian unification movement and Garibaldi its "sword?"
  13. How was Italy finally united in 1870?
  14. What problems still troubled Italy after unification?
 
  Assignment #4
 

Sources:
 

Questions:
  1. Why was Prussia the dominant state in the movement for German unification?
  2. What factors worked against German unification?  What factors aided the process?
  3. What was Bismarck's political outlook?  Describe the nature and outcome of his dispute with the liberals in the Prussian parliament. 
  4. What was the meaning of Bismarck's famous "blood and iron" statement?
  5. Why did Prussia and Austria go to war in 1866?  What was the outcome?
  6. What were some of the differences between the northern and the southern German states?
  7. What did Bismarck hope to accomplish by a war with France?  How was he able to precipitate such a war?  What role did the Ems Dispatch play in the conflict?
  8. On what side did the southern German states fight?  Why did France loose the Franco-Prussian War?  What were the results?
  9. How was Bismarck's approach to German unification different from Cavour's approach to Italian unification?  How was it similar?
  10. In what economic and political shape did a united Germany find itself in early 1871?
  11. What was the nature and results of Bismarck's conflict with the Catholic Church?   the Social Democrats?  What was the motivation behind his social insurance program?  [see doc. on pg. 728]
  12. What new political realignment occurred in Germany by the 1880s?  What new political coalition emerged?
 
  Assignment #5
 

Sources:
  • textbook:  mid-pg. 728 to mid-pg. 730. 
 

Questions:
  1. How did serfdom in Russia differ from and resemble American slavery?  What did the Act of Emancipation of 1861 accomplish?
  2. Identify the "liberal" reforms introduced in Russia by Tsar Alexander II.
  3. Identify the legal and judicial reforms introduced by Alexander II and the steps taken in the direction of self-government.
  4. How did the Russian revolutionaries react to the reforms of Alexander II?
  5. What changes took place under the reign of Alexander III?  What was "Russification?"  Why was this policy pursued by the Tsarist state?
  6. What did the recent wars in which Austria participated demonstrate about the Empire?
  7. Why was the Dual Monarchy created in 1867?  Was it a satisfactory solution to the Austro-Hungarian Empire's nationalistic problem?
  8. What major political/social problems remained in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, even after the Dual Monarchy was created?
 
                
 
 
 

                
 
Quizzes:
  1. Textbook Quiz --> chapter 24
  2. Other Quizzes:  A 
Outlines / Lecture Notes:
  1. "1848-1914" (Mr. Mercado)
  2. "Imperialism and Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century" (Paul Halsall, Fordham University)
Review Sheets:
  1. Mine
  2. Giant EHAP Review Sheet by a student from the class of '04, Horace Greeley HS
  3. chart --> "Social History Study Guide" (Mr. Mercado)
  4. chart --> "The Rise of Constitutionalism and Liberalism" (Mr. Mercado)
  5. chart --> "French Regimes at a Glance:  1789-1870"
    6.

 


   
 

Ten Commandments of Good Historical Writing

College Board A. P. European History Course Description (.pdf file)