Primary Source Documents
bullet 1868 Presidential Election Statistics
bullet 1872 Presidential Election Statistics
bullet 1876 Presidential Election Statistics
bullet The 1868 Election - Harper's Weekly website - many political cartoons
bullet The 1872 Election - Harper's Weekly website - many political cartoons
bullet The 1876 Election - Harper's Weekly website - many political cartoons
bullet The 1876 Presidential Campaign - Hayes vs. Tilden
bullet The African American Odyssey (Library of Congress)
bullet African American Perspectives  - Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection (1818-1907)
bullet African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
bullet Andrew Johnson (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency
bullet Andrew Johnson (2) - POTUS site
bullet A Biography of America:  America at the Centennial (1876) - Annenberg/CPB
bullet A Biography of America:  Reconstruction (1863-1875) - Annenberg/CPB
bullet "The Black Codes of 1865"
bullet Black Populism in the South
bullet "The Booker T. Washington Era" (LOC)
bullet "Censure:  Presidential History Dotted with Reproofs" - NY Times
bullet Center for the Study of Southern Culture
bullet Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism:  1830-end
bullet The Church in the Southern Black Community:  1780-1925 (LOC)
bullet Civil Rights Movement (Spartacus)
bullet Civil Unrest in Camilla, Georgia, 1868 Collection
bullet The Colfax Massacre (1873)
bullet Cotton States and the International Exposition in Atlanta-1895-6
bullet The Crime of 1873
bullet The Diary and Letters of President Rutherford B. Hayes
bullet Documenting the American South - Univ. of NC, Chapel Hill
bullet Dr. Toer's Amazing Magic Lantern Show -- A Different View of Emancipation
bullet Finding Precedent: Hayes v. Tilden: The Electoral College Controversy of 1876-1877 (Harper's Weekly)
bullet First-Person Narratives of the American South, 1860-1920 (LOC)
bullet The Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress
bullet The Freedmen's Bureau Online
bullet From Slavery to Freedom:  The African-American Pamphlet Collection (1824-1909) - LOC
bullet General Images of the Post Civil War Era
bullet History of the Colored Farmers Alliance
bullet "How Did Black and White Southern Women Campaign to End Lynching, 1890-1942?" (22 documents)
bullet "How Did White Women Aid Former Slaves during and after the Civil War and What Obstacles Did They Face?" (18 documents)
bullet "A Hundred Years of Terror" - report by The Southern Poverty Law Center (AL)
bullet Ida B. Wells-Barnett - Paper 1    Paper 2
bullet "Ida B. Wells: Crusade for Justice" - essay by Jennifer McBride
bullet The Impeachment Trial of President Andrew Johnson
bullet The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson - Harper's Weekly
bullet "Immigration and the South" - Atlantic Monthly (11/1905)
bullet Indian Wars during the Civil War and Reconstruction
bullet Introduction to the Jim Crow South
bullet The Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia
bullet Jackson Davis Collection of African-American Educational Photographs
bullet Johnson's Trial: 2 Bitter Months for a Still-Torn Nation - NY Times (1/7/99)
bullet Jump, Jim Crow, or What Difference Did Emancipation Make-
bullet Like A Family:  The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World
bullet Lucy Ware Webb Hayes
bullet Lynching in America
bullet The Many Lives of Martin Delaney:  1812-1885
bullet Map-->"Black Population in 1880"
bullet Map--> "The Compromise of 1877"
bullet Map-->"Military Reconstruction"
bullet Map-->"Presidential Election Results: 1876"
bullet Map-->"Reconstruction:  Military Districts, 1865-1877"
bullet Map-->"Sharecropping in the South"
bullet Map-->"Southern States Reentering the Union"
bullet Map-->"U. S. Fifty States No Labels Black-and-White Outline Map"
bullet Map-->"U. S. Physical Map--Black-and-White Outline"
bullet Map-->"U. S. Physical and Political Black-and-White Outline Map"
bullet Mark Twain in His Times
bullet The Nineteenth Century in Print- Periodicals
bullet The Origin of "Jim Crow"
bullet Pinkerton Detective Agency
bullet Political Cartoons of the Post-Civil War Era
bullet Presidential Impeachment Proceedings - Andrew Johnson
bullet "Reconstruction" (LOC)
bullet Reconstruction Outline Notes
bullet The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow (PBS)
bullet Rutherford B. Hayes (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency
bullet Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center
bullet Rutherford B. Hayes (2) - POTUS site
bullet The Susan B. Anthony Trial
bullet Toward Racial Equality: 1857-1874 (Harper's Weekly)
bullet The Trial of Andrew Johnson, 1868
bullet The Trial of Sheriff Joseph Shipp (1907) for Lynching Ed Johnson
bullet Ulysses S. Grant Home Page (C. Scott)
bullet Ulysses S. Grant (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency
bullet Ulysses S. Grant (2) - POTUS site
bullet Uncle Remus
bullet Ulysses Grant - how others saw him
bullet "We'll Sing to Abe Our Song!": Sheet Music about Lincoln, Emancipation, and the Civil War from the Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana
bullet Which 13th Amendment? A Discussion
bullet Without Sanctuary:  Photographs and Postcards of Lynchings in America

 
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                                   Why Study History Through Primary Sources

 
bullet 1860s:  Lyrics to many Negro Spirituals
bullet 1860s:  "Reconstruction" - Peter Cooper to President Johnson - leaflet (4 pages)
bullet 1865:  13th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution
bullet 1865:  The Absolute Equality of All Before the Law - William Dickson
bullet 1865:  Appeal on Behalf of the Freedmen of Washington, DC
bullet 1865:  Amnesty Proclamation - President Andrew Johnson
bullet 1865:  Black Codes of Louisiana
bullet 1865:  Black Codes of Mississippi
bullet 1865:  "The Black Laws" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (2/11)
bullet 1865:  Colonel Samuel Thomas describes the attitudes of ex-Confederates toward the freedmen
bullet 1865:  Conditions in the Post-War South - letter by Edwin H. McCaleb
bullet 1865:  Corporal Jackson Cherry appeals for equal opportunity for former slaves - letter
bullet 1865:  "The Election in New Jersey" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (11/25)
bullet 1865:  Elizabeth Cady Stanton to the Editor, "This is The Negro's Hour," National Anti-Slavery Standard, NY (12/26)
bullet 1865:  "The Error of the South" - The Old Guard / Volume 3, Issue 12, Dec 1865
bullet 1865:  "Franchise- And Not This Man!" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (8/5)
bullet 1865:  "Forty Acres and a Mule" - Special Field Order No. 15 - Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi (1/15)
bullet 1865:  Jourdan Anderson declines his former master's invitation to return to his plantation - letter
bullet 1865:  Louisiana Black Codes
bullet 1865:  Lucretia Mott to Martha Coffin Wright - letter on freedmen
bullet 1865:  Mississippi Black Codes
bullet 1865:  "Pardon-Should I Trust These Men?" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (8/5)
bullet 1865:  Plain Counsels for Freedmen - Clinton B. Fisk
bullet 1865:  Report on the Condition of the South - Carl Schurz
bullet 1865:  "The Right Way, the Best Way" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (6/3)
bullet 1865:  "Slaveocracy and Bondocracy" - The Old Guard / Volume 3, Issue 10, Oct 1865
bullet 1865:  "The South Poor in Cash, the North Bankrupt in Honor" - The Old Guard / Volume 3, Issue 9, Sept 1865
bullet 1865:  "Sovereignty of States Fully Considered" - The Old Guard / Volume 3, Issue 8, Aug 1865
bullet 1865:  "Union, Disunion, and Reunion" - The Old Guard / Volume 3, Issue 6, June 1865
bullet 1865:  "What Shall Become of the Freedmen?" - from the Franklin Repository (Chambersburg, PA), 2/8
bullet 1865:  "White Supremacy and Negro Subordination" - The Old Guard / Volume 3, Issue 5, May 1865
bullet 1865-66:  Diary of Jared Nash
bullet 1865, 1866:  Report on Land Reform in the South Carolina Islands - James C. Beecher
bullet 1865-67?:  Circular, to the friends of Jefferson Davis
bullet late 1860s:  "I'm a Good 'Ole Rebel" - song lyrics by Major Innes Randolph
bullet 1866:  14th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution (ratified in 1868)
bullet 1866:  "The Civil Rights Bill" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (4/14)
bullet 1866:  The Civil Rights Act of 1866
bullet 1866:  "Economise and pay your debt! Restore the South and increase your resources. Our national debt is to be paid" - broadside
bullet 1866:  Ex parte Milligan
bullet 1866:  "Freedmen's Schools" - picture in Harper's Weekly (6/23)
bullet 1866:  "Gen. Sherman's Officers Among the Ladies of Raleigh" - The Old Guard / Volume 4, Issue 6, June 1866
bullet 1866:  "General Sherman in Raleigh" - The Old Guard / Volume 4, Issue 4, Apr 1866
bullet 1866:  "Holy Horror of Mrs. McCaffraty in a Washington City Street Passenger Car" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (2/24)
bullet 1866:  "How the Democratic Party Fell to Pieces" - The Old Guard / Volume 4, Issue 8, Aug 1866
bullet 1866:  "Impeachment and General Butler" - Harper's Weekly (12/15)
bullet 1866:  "Johnson Kicking the Freedmen's Bureau" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (April 14)
bullet 1866:  "King Andy" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (11/3)
bullet 1866-68?:  KKK political cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly
bullet 1866:  "Making Treason Odious" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (6/2)
bullet 1866:  "The Memphis Riots" - picture and news article in Harper's Weekly (5/26)
bullet 1866:  Petition of Virginia Freedmen
bullet 1866:  Principles of the Ku Klux Klan
bullet 1866:  Proclamation Declaring the Insurrection at an End
bullet 1866:  "Reconstruction" - article by Frederick Douglass in The Atlantic Monthly
bullet 1866:  Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction (6/20)
bullet 1866:  "Review of President Johnson's Position on State Sovereignty" - The Old Guard Volume 4, Issue 2, Feb 1866
bullet 1866:  "Some Facts about 'Southern Aggression'" - The Old Guard / Volume 4, Issue 1, Jan 1866
bullet 1866:  "Smartly dressed couple seated on an 1866-model bicycle for two" (photo)
bullet 1866:  "Three Months Among the Reconstructionists" - Atlantic Monthly (Feb.)
bullet 1866:  "The Trial of the Government" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (5/26)
bullet 1866:  "Woman's Duty to Vote," Address at the Woman's Rights Convention, NY (5/10)
bullet 1866-68:  Various documents on Reconstruction and the Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
bullet 1867:  Addresses and Ceremonies at the New Year's Festival to the Freedmen (1/5)
bullet 1867:  Appeal to Congress for Impartial Suffrage - Frederick Douglass
bullet 1867:  Appealing to Racism in Arguing for Female Suffrage
bullet 1867:  "Education in the Southern States" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (11/9)
bullet 1867:  "Facetiae - Andy 'Reconstructing' the Reconstructionists" - The Old Guard / Volume 5, Issue 11, Nov 1867
bullet 1867:  "The First Vote" - cover of Harper's Weekly (11/16)
bullet 1867:  Letter from Harriet Jacobs to Ednah Dow Cheney
bullet 1867?:  President Johnson's love for the soldier - braodside     image
bullet 1867:  Proceedings of the First Anniversary of the American Equal Rights Association
bullet 1867:  Report by Jacob M. Ellis for the Friends' Association for the Aid and Elevation of Freedmen
bullet 1867:  Second Reconstruction Act (3/23)
bullet 1867:  "Sixteen reasons why our Republican party should not run Gen. Grant for president in 1868. [Sixteen reasons] American Republicans" - broadside
bullet 1867:  Speech of Sojourner Truth at the First Annual Meeting of the American Equal Rights Association NYC (5/9)
bullet 1867:  Tenure of Office Act (3/2)
bullet 1867:  Thaddeus Stevens in Support of Black Suffrage
bullet 1867:  Third Reconstruction Act (3/23)
bullet 1867:  "The Tyranny of the Majority" - E. L. Godkin, North American Review (Jan. 1867), at MoA-Cornell
bullet 1868:  Admission ticket to the Senate impeachment of President Andrew Johnson (4/1)    another type of ticket
bullet 1868:  Andrew Johnson's Impeachment - sketch by Theodore R. Davis
bullet 1868:  Articles of Impeachment
bullet 1868:  Closing Arguments in the Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson - Sen. Thaddeus Stevens
bullet 1868:  Debate in the House on the Impeachment Resolution (2/25)
bullet 1868:  Dressmaker and Former Slave Elizabeth Keckley (ca.1818-1907), Tells How She Gained Her Freedom
bullet 1868:  "Effect of the Vote on the Eleventh Article of Impeachment" - political cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly
bullet 1868:  Final Vote on Johnson's Impeachment - The New York Times - front page and full text (5/16)
bullet 1868:  Fourth Reconstruction Act (3/11)
bullet 1868:  "The Freedman's Bureau" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (7/25)
bullet 1868:  "Freedom's campaign songs. No. 1-4. New York" - broadside   images
bullet 1868:  Front Page (and full text) of The New York Times on President Johnson's Impeachment (2/24)
bullet 1868:  "How It Would Be If Some Ladies Had Their Own Way" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (5/16)
bullet 1868:  Impeachment Trial Ticket (3/13)
bullet 1868:  "Leaders of the Democratic Party" - political cartoon
bullet 1868:  Little Women - Louisa May Alcott (full text)
bullet 1868:  "The Modern Gulliver Among the Lilliputians" - political cartoon from Harper's Weekly (9/12)
bullet 1868:  "The Modern Samson"- political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (10/3)
bullet 1868:  On the Regeneration of the South - Daniel Ullmann
bullet 1868:  "One Vote Less" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (8/8)
bullet 1868:  Organization and Principles of the Ku Klux Klan
bullet 1868:  President Johnson as Samson - political cartoon - Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly
bullet 1868:  President Johnson Responds to Impeachment - The New York Times - front page and full text (3/23)
bullet 1868:  Principles of the Ku Klux Klan
bullet 1868:  Ragged Dick - Horatio Alger, Jr.
bullet 1868:  A Resolution Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution (12/7)
bullet 1868:  Senate Trial Rules for the Impeachment of President Johnson
bullet 1868:  "Sickly Candidate" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (7/11)
bullet 1868:  "The Situation" - political cartoon showing a cannon aimed at President Johnson - Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly
bullet 1868:  "This Is A White Man's Government" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (9/28)
bullet 1868:  "This Little Boy..." - political cartoon of President Johnson - Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly
bullet 1868:  "'Tis But a Change in Banner" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (9/26)
bullet 1868:  Trial Record of the Senate Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson
bullet 1868:  "Victory!" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (10/3)
bullet 1869:  15th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution (ratified in 1870)
bullet 1869:  A Democratic View of the 15th Amendment Proposition - speech by G.W. Woodward (D-PA) in the House (2/20)
bullet 1869:  Act to Strengthen Public Credit (3/18)
bullet 1869:  Elizabeth Cady Stanton on Black Suffrage
bullet 1869:  Ex parte McCardle   (commentary)
bullet 1869:  First Inaugural Address of Ulysses S. Grant
bullet 1869:  "A Long Farewell" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (3/13)
bullet 1869:  "The Moral Significance of the Republican Victory" - from Thomas Wentworth Higginson, The Atlantic Monthly. 23
bullet 1869:  Republican Support for Black Suffrage - from Speech of J. M. Broomall (R-PA) in the House (1/30)
bullet 1869:  "Republicans! Democrats! A word with you about negro suffrage ... [Signed] Oliver Ellsworth" - broadside
bullet 1859:  "Slavery in Massachusetts. Letter from Mr. Moore. To the editor of the Historical magazine. ... George H. Moore" - broadside
bullet 1869:  "Temperance" - Gerrit Smith to John Stuart Mill - broadside
bullet 1869:  A Washington Civil Rights Act (6/10)
bullet 1870:  "'All men free and equal.' The XVth amendment proclaimed. Message to Congress. - Proclamation of the President" - broadside
bullet 1870:  Horace Greeley to Josephine Griffing (9/7)
bullet 1870:  Ku Klux Costumes in North Carolina - From engraving (after a photograph) in G. B. Raum's The Existing Conflict
bullet 1870:  Letter from Judge Tourgee to Senator Abbott (NC) - on the KKK
bullet 1870:  "Negro Exodusters en route to Kansas, fleeing from the yellow fever, " Photomural from engraving. Harpers Weekly
bullet 1870:  Private Thomas Long assesses the meaning of black military service during the Civil War - letter
bullet 1870:  "Time Works Wonders" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (4/9)
bullet 1871:  E.L. Godkin Asesses Reconstruction - The Nation. 13: 336 (12/7)
bullet 1871:  Klan Violence in Georgia
bullet 1871:  "The Ku Klux Klan" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (11/4)
bullet 1871:  Ku Klux Klan Violence in Georgia
bullet 1871:  The Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871
bullet 1871:  "Mr. Sumner's Civil Rights Bill" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (12/20)
bullet 1872:  "Children Cry for It" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (2/3)
bullet 1872:  "David and Goliath" - political cartoon
bullet 1872:  "The Farmer Candidate en Route" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (5/4)
bullet 1872:  "Grand Larceny versus Petty Theft" - political cartoon in Leslie's Illustrated (9/28)
bullet 1872:  "Grant's First and Last Vote" - political cartoon in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper (9/14)
bullet 1872:  "A Leaf from History for our Foreign-Born Citizens" - political cartoon in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper (9/28)
bullet 1872:  "Lincoln, the Emancipator" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (4/20)
bullet 1872:  "The Man with the (Carpet) Bags" - anonymous cartoon in Puck
bullet 1872:  The Nation, "The State of the South"
bullet 1872:  "Red Hot" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (7/13)
bullet 1872:  The Rev. Elias Hill is attacked by the Ku Klux Klan - letter
bullet 1872:  Slaughterhouse Cases
bullet 1872:  Equality before the law protected by national statute - Speeches of Hon. Chas. Sumner, of Massachusetts, on his supplementary civil rights bill, as an amendment to the civil rights bill. In the Senate, Jan. 15, 17 and 31, Feb. 5, and May 21, 1872
bullet 1872:  Speeches, lectures, and letters by Wendell Phillips
bullet 1873:  Coinage Act (2/12)
bullet 1873:  The Credit Mobilier Scandal Recounted
bullet 1873:  Second Inaugural Address of Ulysses S. Grant
bullet 1874:  "Coloured Rule in a Reconstructed (?) State" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (3/14)
bullet 1874:  "An Undoubted Right" - editorial in Harper's Weekly (5/30)
bullet 1874:  "Everything Points to a Democratic Victory This Fall" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (10/31)
bullet 1874:  "Will the American people never cease to oppress and torture the helpless poor? Peterboro" (12/12) - broadside
bullet 1874:  "Worse than Slavery" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (10/24)
bullet 1875:  Obituary of Andrew Johnson - New York Times (8/1)
bullet 1875:  Second Civil Rights Act (3/1)
bullet 1876:  "A Call for Tweed" - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (8/19)
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